Intermezzo at 1 pm: The Symphonies of William Grant Still

February is Black History Month, a time to recognize and celebrate the achievements of Black individuals who have shaped history, arts, and culture. In the world of classical music, Black composers have made significant contributions, yet their works have often been overlooked. 

Tune in all his week at 1pm as we feature the Symphonies of the African American composer William Grant Still.

William Grant Still (1895–1978) was an American composer, conductor, and arranger, often called the "Dean of African American Composers." He was a pioneer in classical music, becoming the first Black composer to have a symphony performed by a major orchestra—his Symphony No. 1, "Afro-American" (1930), premiered by the Rochester Philharmonic. Still broke racial barriers in opera and conducting, leading the Los Angeles Philharmonic in 1936. His works blend classical traditions with jazz, blues, and spirituals, reflecting his cultural heritage. Over his career, he composed nearly 200 works, including operas, ballets, symphonies, and chamber music. 

Monday, February 17th--Symphony No. 1, "Afro-American Symphony" (1930) 

Still’s first symphony is the most famous and the first by an African American composer to be performed by a major orchestra. The work blends classical structures with blues and jazz idioms, creating a uniquely American sound.

1. Moderato assai – The opening movement establishes a melancholic yet hopeful atmosphere, incorporating a twelve-bar blues structure. It features a lush orchestral palette and a solo English horn playing a poignant theme.

2. Adagio – A deeply expressive and lyrical second movement, this section has spiritual-like melodies reminiscent of African American folk music, evoking deep longing and reflection.

3. Animato – This scherzo-like movement is lively and syncopated, featuring jazz-influenced rhythms and playful woodwind passages that bring a sense of joy and energy.

4. Lento, con risoluzione – The finale is triumphant, resolving the symphony’s themes with a sense of dignity and resilience, embodying Still’s vision of cultural pride and optimism.

Tuesday, February 18th-- Symphony No. 2, "Song of a New Race" (1937) 

This symphony continues Still’s exploration of African American themes, representing a vision of racial harmony and unity in America.

1. Slowly and Sustained – A rich opening movement filled with warm harmonies and expansive melodies, evoking hope and progress.

2. Moderately Fast – This movement has a dance-like character with rhythmic vitality, reflecting jazz influences and the vibrancy of African American culture.

3. Slowly – The slow movement is introspective and tender, using lyrical string writing to create a sense of deep emotional expression.

4. Moderately Fast – A rousing conclusion that brings together themes from the previous movements, emphasizing optimism and the blending of musical traditions.

Wednesday, February 19th-- Symphony No. 3, "Sunday Symphony" (1958) 

Inspired by a day of spiritual reflection and relaxation, this symphony paints a musical picture of a peaceful Sunday in Still’s idealized vision of America.

1. The Awakening – A gentle opening evokes the peacefulness of morning, with shimmering orchestration and lyrical melodies.

2. Prayer – A reverent and meditative movement that captures the solemnity of religious devotion through rich harmonies and expressive lines.

3. Relaxation – A lighthearted and graceful movement, possibly depicting an afternoon spent with family and friends, featuring a blend of classical and folk elements.

4. Day’s End and A New Beginning – The symphony concludes with a serene yet hopeful movement, reflecting the promise of renewal and peace.

Thursday, February 20th-- Symphony No. 4, "Autochthonous" (1947) 

The title, meaning “indigenous” or “native to a place,” suggests a symphony that celebrates American identity and culture.

1. Moderately – The opening movement establishes a noble and expansive tone, filled with broad melodies and warm harmonies.

2. Slowly – This movement is introspective and richly orchestrated, exploring themes of reflection and heritage.

3. Rhythmically and Humoresque – A playful and rhythmically engaging movement with jazz-inspired syncopations and folk-like melodies.

4. Moderately, with Energy – The finale is bold and optimistic, bringing the symphony to a triumphant conclusion.

Friday, February 21st-- Symphony No. 5, "Western Hemisphere" (1970) 

Still’s final symphony is a celebration of the diverse cultural influences that shape the Americas, from indigenous traditions to modern innovations.

1. With Strength and Dignity – A commanding opening movement, blending heroic themes with rich orchestration.

2. Gently Flowing – A serene and lyrical movement, evoking natural landscapes and a sense of tranquility.

3. Rhythmically, with Humor – A lively scherzo filled with dance-like rhythms, possibly reflecting Latin American influences.

4. With Vigor – The closing movement is powerful and exuberant, bringing the symphony to a rousing and celebratory end.

Conclusion

William Grant Still’s symphonies stand as monumental works in American music, blending classical forms with the diverse sounds of African American and broader American musical traditions. Each movement tells a story, reflecting themes of hope, perseverance, and cultural pride. His legacy continues to inspire musicians and audiences alike, ensuring his place as a pioneering figure in the world of orchestral music.