As the weather shifts from fall to winter and we adjust to shorter days, many of us experience changes in our daily routines.
For people living with dementia, these transitions can be particularly challenging. Sierra Dueck, the South Eastman Regional Coordinator for the Alzheimer Society of Manitoba, shares some valuable tips for families and caregivers to help loved ones with dementia cope during this time of year.
One of the key issues during the colder months is ensuring that individuals with dementia are dressed appropriately for the weather.
"We know that people living with dementia can have impaired judgment as part of their disease," Dueck explains. "In the winter months, this might look like forgetting to put on a warm coat or not recognizing the need for boots, gloves, or a toque."
For caregivers, the best approach is to gently remind and encourage their loved one to dress warmly. "You could say something like, ‘It looks really chilly outside, and the snow is falling. Maybe we should put on that coat,’" Dueck suggests.
If you notice someone with dementia outside who may not be dressed for the weather, it’s also helpful to ask them if they need assistance, gently bringing attention to the cold. "You can ask them, ‘Do you realize it’s cold outside?’ or ‘Do you need help with your coat?’" This kind of reminder can make a big difference, she says.
Another strategy for keeping loved ones safe during winter is to dress them in layers. Layers provide warmth and can be added or removed as needed. Dueck also recommends that individuals prone to getting lost wear bright clothing.
"If your loved one has a tendency to get lost, bright jackets or clothing can make them easier to spot in an emergency," she says. This is especially important as dementia can cause confusion and disorientation, even in familiar places.
Winter also brings new safety risks due to changes in the environment. People with dementia may have difficulty recognizing ice or uneven ground, making falls more likely.
"When visual and motor skills become impaired, it can be hard to tell the difference between soft snow and hard, icy snow," Dueck explains. To reduce the risk of falls, caregivers should encourage their loved ones to walk slowly, take small steps, and wear non-slip footwear with good traction.
In addition to these physical safety concerns, the darker days of winter can affect mental health.
"With the time change and the lack of natural light, there can be an increase in anxiety, confusion, or even sleepiness," Dueck notes. To help with this, she recommends encouraging physical activity, such as walking or indoor exercises, as long as it’s safe to do so. "Exercise can really help keep the mind and body active."
Maximizing natural light is another helpful strategy. "Make sure your curtains are open during the day to let in as much natural light as possible,” Dueck suggests. For those who are unable to rearrange their home, even small changes—like positioning a favorite chair near a window—can help a loved one get more light.
Maintaining a consistent routine is also important for minimizing confusion. “If you're introducing something new into their life, do so gradually to reduce any anxiety or disorientation."
As colder temperatures can lead to dehydration, it's important to ensure that your loved one stays well-hydrated. "Eating snacks throughout the day or having warm drinks can help with hydration and provide extra energy to keep the body warm."
In addition to these tips, Dueck also highlights community programs that can provide support. One example is the Minds in Motion program, which is offered in Steinbach.
"Minds in Motion is a great way for people with dementia to get out, exercise, and socialize," Dueck says. "We’ve had wonderful sessions at the Pat Porter Active Living Centre in Steinbach, with four to five pairs attending each week. It’s a great way to keep both the body and the brain active while having fun."
With these practical tips, caregivers can help ensure that their loved ones living with dementia stay safe, comfortable, and engaged as the seasons change. It’s also important to stay connected with community resources and programs that can offer additional support through the winter months.