Livestock producers are being reminded to stay vigilant after lab results confirmed anthrax as the cause of death in two cattle on a farm in the Rural Municipality (RM) of Paynton No. 470. The confirmation came late Tuesday.
Saskatchewan's Disease Surveillance Veterinarian, Wendy Wilkins, provided more information on the situation. "The outbreak is confined to one farm, and to date, there have been just the two confirmed deaths," Wilkins stated. "I have spoken with the producer and the veterinarian, and the herd is being treated and vaccinated, so I really don't expect to see any more anthrax deaths in this herd."
Anthrax, a serious bacterial disease, poses a significant threat to livestock. "Anthrax is caused by a bacteria that forms really hard, resistant shells when exposed to the environment," explained Wilkins. "Once it gets into an animal, it grows rapidly and releases toxins that cause death. The bacteria then form spores that can last for years, if not decades, in the soil."
The disease is widespread across Saskatchewan, with no area being completely safe. "Anthrax bacteria seem to survive better in alkaline soils, which are common in Saskatchewan," Wilkins noted. "We have a long history of anthrax in the province, and it's not going away anytime soon."
Weather conditions can influence the prevalence of anthrax. "It can be an issue in both dry and wet years," Wilkins said. "Spores are buoyant and can be carried long distances by water during wet years, concentrating in low-lying areas. In dry years, cattle may graze in areas they usually avoid, increasing their risk of exposure."
Producers are encouraged to vaccinate their animals, especially in high-risk areas. "In 2006, there was a large outbreak in the northeast of the province, affecting around 100 herds and resulting in nearly 1,000 animal deaths," Wilkins recalled. "We still consider this area high-risk and recommend annual vaccination."
Wilkins emphasized the importance of vigilance. "Anytime you see sudden death in a bovine animal with no obvious explanation, anthrax should be at the top of your mind," she advised. "Call your veterinarian to rule out anthrax before moving carcasses or cutting them open, as this can release bacteria into the environment."
Anthrax affects a wide range of species, with varying levels of resistance. "Bison are particularly susceptible, while pigs require a higher bacterial load to become infected," Wilkins explained. "Birds and carnivores are more resistant, but it's still possible for them to get infected if they ingest a large amount."
Producers are urged to remain cautious and proactive in preventing the spread of anthrax. For more information and resources, visit the Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture's website.